Egg-laying Times of American Robins
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Museum of Natural History, and several specimens intermediate with or closer to virginianus from eastern Colorado.Thus I reexamined the type of occidentalis.Stone (1897) was absolutely right.Unfortunately, he used a pale "western" (from Philadelphia) specimen as the type of occidentalis, not knowing the northern form was moderately to highly invasive.Oberholser's concepts of occidentalis were (I believe) based on migrants of the subarctic nesting form--or intergrades between it and the various adjacent more southerly populations as evidenced by his recognizing, at least in Colorado, a "dark phase" (p.191).Thus, as Stone stated correctly, his Bubo virginianus occidentalis becomes a synonym of Bubo virginianus subarcticus Ridgway (see Browning and Banks 1991).With occidentalis recognized as a synonym of subarcticus, the characters of pallescens vs. subarcticus must now be determined to delimit their ranges in the midcontinent area from Texas northward through the continuous grasslands east of the Rockies to the western and northern prairie provinces of Canada.I thank the Curators of the Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia for permission to examine the type specimens involved in this study.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".