Neural correlates of mental attention in adolescents: a cross-sectional fMRI study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Mental attention, a maturational component of working memory, develops significantly during adolescence, yet its neural correlates remain unclear (Arsalidou et al., 2010). This study used fMRI to examine brain activity in adolescents (13–16 years, n = 28) performing a blocked-design Color Matching Task with increasing difficulty. Results revealed consistent activation in frontoparietal regions, including the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, superior parietal lobule, and cerebellum, across easy and moderate difficulty levels. Higher task demands recruited additional regions, such as the middle frontal gyrus and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, with lateralization patterns varying by difficulty and age. Whole-brain analyses highlighted distinct recruitment of attentional networks across difficulty levels. Findings align with working memory research, emphasizing the protracted maturation of the prefrontal cortex and functional reorganization of mental-attentional networks during adolescence. This study advances our understanding of cognitive development and contributes to models of working memory and attentional control in developing brains.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.005 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.006 | 0.008 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".