Etude rétrospective clinique, épidémiologique, clinique, écho-doppler et pronostique de 68 cas de sténose aortique congénitale chez le chien (2001-2010)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The author first presents a bibliographic review about congenital aortic stenosis in the dog. Then the author discloses a retrospective study about 68 cases of congenital aortic stenosis diagnosed at the Cardiology Unit of Alfort between 2001 and 2010. Congenital aortic stenosis is a congenital narrowing of the aortic valve region, inducing resistance to left ventricular systolic outflow. It is anatomically classified as subvalvular (the most frequent), valvular or supravalvular (very rare). Boxer, Newfoundland, Golden Retriever and Rottweiler are the most predisposed breeds. The main clinical expression of aortic stenosis includes the presence of a left basal systolic heart murmur on cardiac auscultation and sudden death. Doppler echocardiography imaging allows visualization of aortic stenosis lesions and their consequences. It is also possible to evaluate the degree of aortic stenosis severity by measuring the maximal aortic flow velocity (Vmax) and calculate the corresponding transaortic pressure gradient (∆P). The aim of the retrospective study was to assess the epidemiologic, clinical, Doppler echocardiographic and survival characteristics of this congenital heart disease. The 68 recruited animals were classed in four grades, according to the degree of aortic stenosis severity: A (20 mmHg ≤ ∆P < 50 mmHg), B (50 mmHg ≤ ∆P < 80 mmHg), C (80 mmHg ≤ ∆P ≤ 100 mmHg) and D (∆P > 100 mmHg). This study confirms the Boxer’s predisposition to aortic stenosis (41% of the overall study population). It demonstrates that the prevalence of pulmonic stenosis and aortic insufficiency significantly increases with aortic stenosis severity. Similiraly, systolic and diastolic thicknesses of the left ventricular free wall and the interventricular septum as well as the shortening fraction significantly increase with aortic stenosis severity. Finally, dogs from grades A, B and C live significantly longer than grade D dogs (median survival time of grade B dogs: 11.6 years). Clinical signs are uncommon (17.6% of the overall study population) even without treatment and cardiac death is very rare (1.9% of the dogs). Median survival times for grade D dogs are 7.3 years (global mortality) and 3.6 years (cardiac mortality). About one third of grade D dogs die suddenly during the first years of life (between 6 months and 3.6 years old). The mid-term survival of grade D dogs, although uncommon, is possible (one dog has been followed until 6.1 years old).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.018 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".