Agricultural Marketing Policy Center Policy Paper No. 9
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In May 2003, Canadian authorities announced that a Canadian cow had tested positive for bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE or mad cow disease). Almost at once, the United States and many other countries banned all imports of Canadian cattle and Canadian beef. The consequences for Canadian cattle prices were severe. Export markets accounted for almost 40 percent of Canadian beef production and 30 percent of live cattle sales between 1995 and 2002. As a result, Canadian fed steer prices declined 55 percent from about $US 83/cwt in March of 2003 to about $US 37/cwt in September of 2003.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.019 | 0.019 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.012 |
| Open science | 0.009 | 0.006 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.010 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.017 | 0.021 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".