Book Review: Stephen Kantrowitz, Citizens of a Stolen Land: A Ho-Chunk History of the Nineteenth-Century United States.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Stephen Kantrowitz’s important and illuminating Citizens of a Stolen Land tells of the Ho-Chunk people’s epic and ultimately successful struggle to retain a place in their midwestern homeland in the face of half of a century of settler invasion, coerced treaties, forced marches, suffering, and death, all carried out by the United States in the name of “civilization.” Although it was only a marginal part of the Ho-Chunk homeland in Wisconsin, following an 1837 treaty, Iowa became the destination of the first military removal of Ho-Chunk people from their homes. They were relocated to a reservation established on the “Neutral Grounds” between treaty-recognized territories of the Dakota and Sauk Nations. In 1848, this Iowa reservation became the first from which they were forced to move, a pattern repeated with a series of reservations in Minnesota, then South Dakota, and finally Nebraska.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.004 | 0.005 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.046 | 0.039 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".