Acoustic propagation as an indicator of mesoscale oceanographic features in the Beaufort Sea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intrusion of Pacific Summer Water (PSW) and Pacific Winter Water (PWW) into the Arctic Ocean through the Bering Strait leads to the formation of an acoustic duct in the Beaufort Sea. The Beaufort duct is characterized by PSW atop the colder PWW, which itself is colder than the deep polar water beneath. Decades of observation have shown that the Beaufort duct is a persistent and intensifying feature in the Beaufort Sea, with sound propagating hundreds of kilometers under the Arctic ice without ice or seabed interactions. However, fluctuations in its strength were observed during the 2016–2017 Canada Basin Acoustic Propagation Experiment (CANAPE), which suggest a breakdown of the duct between the acoustic sources and receivers. In this study, we review tomographic signals transmitted by the CANAPE sources from the Beaufort Sea received by arrays along the Chukchi Shelf break and analyze how the strength of those receptions can serve as temporal and spatial indicators of mesoscale oceanographic features such as eddies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".