Low-cost orientation and positioning method for ocean communication experiments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A low-cost experimental procedure is proposed for measuring the orientation and positioning of an underwater platform with respect to surface platforms using an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), a depth sensor, and one or two Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. The underwater platform is equipped with the IMU and depth sensor, while the surface platform is equipped with a GPS receiver as a rover. The second GPS receiver is mounted on a fixed location as a base station within 10 km of the mobile rover. The IMU and GPS measurements are fused after the experiment to compute the surface platform locations relative to the underwater platform. Four GPS location estimation methods are considered, including the Post-Processing Kinematic, Canadian Spatial Reference System (CSRS) Precision Point Positioning (PPP), Satellite-Based Augmentation System (SBAS), and standalone non-correction method. Errors of the IMU sensor and four GPS methods are analyzed and tested in field experiments. The field test results show that the PPK method is required to achieve azimuth and elevation errors within 1°–2°.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".