Migration Should Be a Choice, Not a Necessity: An Analysis of the Impact of NAFTA on Mexican Migration to the U.S.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
It is debated between scholars whether the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) of 1994 between Mexico, the United States and Canada was successful. Supporters of NAFTA will say that it brought economic prosperity to Mexico's manufacturing industry and created millions of jobs. However, opponents of NAFTA will say that the successes of NAFTA came at the cost of the lower-working-class and the once protected agricultural industry. This article argues that the negative effects of NAFTA on the lower-working class consequently led to an increase in Mexico-US migration, since it has traditionally been of lower-working class character. Moreover, this article addresses specifically how NAFTA impacted migration patterns from Mexico to the United States, and how it ultimately affected the undocumented migration patterns we see today. I conclude that it is through a combination of factors that NAFTA is partially responsible for the increase of migration, as well as for the end of undocumented migration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".