Identifying the sleep habits of Kanien'kehá:ka elementary school children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a clinically significant health issue in Indigenous populations in Canada. In the Kanien’kehá:ka (Mohawk) community of Kahnawake, Quebec the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes is twice the Canadian rate. In 2002, 45% of elementary school children were overweight or obese. Obesity in children is a risk factor for developing obesity in adults, which is a major risk factor for developing Type 2 diabetes. The Kahnawake Schools Diabetes Prevention Project (KSDPP) is a longstanding community-university partnership initiated in 1994 in response to local requests that ‘something be done’ to address the high prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in Kahnawake. Recent epidemiological evidence indicates shortened sleep duration is linked with increased obesity and Type 2 diabetes. The presence and use of electronic media in bedrooms and caffeine use both contribute to shortened sleep. Therefore KSDPP was interested to gain knowledge about the sleeping habits, caffeine consumption and media use before bedtime of school-aged children in Kahnawake. Objectives: 1) To determine sleep duration of Kahnawake children ages 7-11 by objective means and compare results to the recommended amount by National Sleep Foundation. 1.2) To examine the number of children in the community getting one or two standard deviations (SD) above and below the recommended amount of sleep. 2) To examine the associations between sleep duration, electronic media use before bedtime, and caffeine consumption of Kahnawake children ages 7-11.Methods: The participants were 47 children aged 7-11 years attending elementary schools in Kahnawake. Questionnaires regarding sleep habits, caffeine consumption and electronic media use were distributed to classroom teachers to send home to the parents of children ages 7-11. Actigraphy was used to measure sleep duration, for 3 weeknights in a subsample of 30 students. Results: The actigraphic and parent reported sleep log sleep duration were significantly correlated. The average sleep duration of children ages 7-11 in Kahnawake was not statistically different than the amount recommended by National Sleep Foundation. However, 35.3% of children between 7 to 9 years of age slept less 1SD less than the recommended amount and 11.8% slept 2SD below the recommended amount of sleep. For ages 10-11, 46.2% slept 1SD and 15.4% slept 2SD below the recommended amount of sleep. The rest of the children slept more than the mean sleep duration. The top three electronic media devices in the children’s bedrooms were televisions (76.6%), DVD/blue ray player (52.2%), and video game console (38.3%). The most frequent (57.7%) use of electronic media before bedtime reported by parents regarding their children was 0-1 hours. Parents also reported 17.7% of their children used 1.1-2 hours, 11.1% of their children used 2.1-3 hours, and 13.2% of their children used 3.1-4.5 hours of electronic media before bedtime. The top three caffeinated beverages children drank were iced tea (76.1%), soft drinks (65.2%) and tea (23.4%). The most frequent consumption of caffeine (measured in cups/glasses of 250mL) was 3-5 times a week with 8.7% for soft drinks, 4.3% for iced tea and 2.1% for tea. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations between parental reports of electronic media use before bedtime or amount of caffeine consumed and actigraphic measure of sleep duration did not reveal statistically significant associations. Conclusion: To our knowledge this was the first time that an attempt has been made to evaluate sleep, in relation to electronic media presence and use in children’s bedrooms and caffeine use in an Indigenous population in North America. These correlational results will be first discussed in detail with KSDPP community members and the community at large.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".