Entre globalisation et réalités locales : centres commerciaux et formes urbaines à Los Angeles, Montréal et Paris = Between globalization and local realities : shopping centers and urban forms in Los Angeles, Montreal and Paris
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since the end of World War II, the shopping center has been diffused as a building type through the western world and has acquired a central role in suburban territories. It is perceived as a "standardized" building and as the product of the process of economic globalization. Most of the time, the shopping center is conceived on the basis of regional considerations, and so it presents difficult connections with the surrounding urban tissues. Even if it contributes in an important manner to the life of suburbia, it is an introverted building that has limited relationships with exterior spaces. The thesis, through an analysis of the shopping centre in the United States, Canada and France, wants to shed light on the progressive emergence of its form and spatial characteristics in those countries. This comparative study underlines the mechanisms of diffusion of the shopping center paradigm developed up in the United States and the consequences of its transfer in the other contexts. The morphological and longitudinal analysis of shopping centers located in the Los Angeles, Montreal and Paris metropolitan areas aims to evaluate the influence of the local context on the emergence of specificities related to this building type, to the urban tissues containing it, and to their respective evolution over time.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".