Impact of hepatitis C virus coinfection and highly active antiretroviral therapy on human immunodeficiency virus associated morbidity and mortality
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The impact of hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection on HIV related morbidity and mortality is debated, particularly in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Using the Montreal Chest Institute HIV clinic database, a retrospective cohort spanning 1990--1999 was formed to determine the effect of HCV status on risk of opportunistic infection, death and hospitalisation before and after the introduction of HAART. While HCV- subjects experienced rate reductions for all outcomes after HAART, no such decrease was observed for HCV+ subjects. No effect of HCV status on outcomes was observed before HAART. In contrast, HCV infection was associated with an increased risk of death (RR, 1.80; 95% CI 0.88--3.65) and hospitalisation (RR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.19--3.05) in the post HAART era after adjustment for age, duration of HIV infection, history of AIDS, antiretroviral use and time-updated CD4 cell and HIV viral load measures. In conclusion, HCV coinfection appears to be preventing the realisation of substantial health benefits associated with HAART.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".