Seismic retrofit of a 1960's, nine-story, steel-frame hospital building using triple friction pendulum seismic isolation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
With the recent major earthquakes experienced around the world and the adverse impacts on population, infrastructure and economy, various countries are increasingly concerned with improving their preparedness and resilience to the threat of seismic hazards. To this end, the utilization of high-performance protective systems, such as dampers and seismic isolation, is becoming a common practice for the seismic design of new buildings as well as the seismic retrofit of existing ones. Such devices have the potential to achieve a building response modification during an earthquake and protect its structural and non-structural content. This behaviour is particularly important for high-importance buildings, such as hospitals, that should remain functional in the aftermath of an earthquake. This thesis proposes a retrofit scheme for a 1960s, nine-storey, steel-frame hospital building that involves the integration of a triple friction pendulum seismic isolation system to achieve seismic resilience and continuous functionality in the event of a major earthquake. This hospital is representative of Type 2 Construction, a typical 1960s steel moment-resisting frame design philosophy. Many of these frames were not designed to resist seismic loads. They tend to be extremely flexible based on today's design practice and therefore may collapse due to P-Delta effects. The seismic retrofit system is designed and evaluated in accordance with ASCE/SEI 41-13 (ASCE 2013a), FEMA P-750-09 (FEMA 2009a) and CAN/CSA S16-09 (CSA 2009). The original and retrofitted configurations of the hospital building are modelled in three-dimensions using an open source simulation platform and are subjected to a set of 40 ground motions from both Quebec City and Vancouver. The ground motions have been selected such that they represent the seismic hazard in these two urban regions. The original configuration building exhibits excessive deformations under the Quebec City ground motions and is pushed to collapse under five of the Vancouver ground motions. With the retrofitted configuration, the seismic behaviour of the hospital building is drastically improved and continuous functionality is achieved even under the most damaging ground motions. A life-cycle cost assessment is also performed in order to quantify and compare the earthquake-induced losses between the original and retrofitted configurations. In conclusion, this thesis provides valuable insights into the implementation, evaluation and numerical modeling of seismic isolation systems, promoting the use of these systems to increase life safety and economic stability in Canada in the case of earthquake hazards.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".