An evaluation of how parents of people with Down syndrome perceive pain in their children
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate caregiver's ability to perceive pain in their children with Down syndrome. Method: Data were gathered from parents of children with Down syndrome in French and English samples in Quebec and Ontario respectively, using the Oral assessment-in-Down-syndrome (OADS) questionnaire, the non-communicating-children's-pain-checklist (NCCPC) and additional questions related to the last pain. Results: Parents who reported difficulty perceiving pain also observed more behaviours of pain compared to those reporting no difficulty. Age of children was a determinant in the level of difficulty that parents had perceiving pain, with decreasing difficulty from 68% to 31% as age increased. Severe pain, long duration ofpain and pain associated with serious diseases were related with higher number ofbehaviours chosen. Conclusion: The association ofpain perception and number ofbehavioUfs manifested may indicate that the NCCPC is useful to determine the level of difficulty that parents have perceiving pain in their children with Down syndrome.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".