Bibliographic record
Abstract
Iron deficiency and anemia have been paradoxically observed among circumpolar Inuit populations consuming diets rich in animal-source foods for decades, yet representative data are lacking to clarify the extent and association of both conditions. Little is known about the degree to which iron deficiency anemia can explain anemia for Inuit adults, who are at nutritional risk given the ongoing nutrition transition throughout the Arctic. The objectives of this thesis were: (i) to determine the iron status of Inuit adults (from depleted iron stores to iron overload), the prevalence of anemia, and the extent to which both iron deficiency and anemia occur together for men and women throughout adulthood; (ii) to assess dietary intakes of nutrients required for erythropoiesis and associations between traditional Inuit foods, iron status and anemia; and (iii) controlling for the effect of inflammation, to identify dietary and non-dietary correlates of iron status, hemoglobin, and risk of anemia. Data for this work were from the International Polar Year Inuit Health Survey, 2007-2008. This was a cross-sectional survey, with stratified random sampling of 2550 Inuit adults (60.9 % female) 18-89 years of age with an overall household response rate of 68 %. For objective (i) hemoglobin, serum ferritin, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and (on a subset n=1039) serum soluble transferrin receptor were measured. For objective (ii), a single 24 hour recall and a 42-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire were utilized. Dietary iron inadequacy was calculated by adjusting the dietary iron intake distribution from the 24 hour recall by within-subject coefficients of variation for iron intake from previous dietary surveys with this population. For objective (iii) multivariate modeling was performed for serum ferritin, iron deficiency, elevated iron stores, hemoglobin, and anemia unexplained by iron deficiency (UA), controlling for potential confounders. Results showed that iron deficiency was pervasive among pre-menopausal women and explained a significant portion of the anemia in this lifestage despite adequate iron intake. For men, body iron stores were lower than expected based on dietary intake but not depleted. Rates of UA increased with age, being highest amongst men >50 years of age (30 %). Traditional food intake was an important correlate of iron status for both men and women, and was associated with reduced risk of iron deficiency among food insecure women. UA prevalence was highest in the most traditional Inuit region and was characterized by factors associated with a more traditional lifestyle including higher red blood cell eicosapentonoic acid (RBC EPA) proportions, elevated blood lead concentrations, low education levels, infections, and inflammation. The relationship between RBC EPA % and UA is a potentially important finding and should be further investigated for impact on RBC stability and hemolysis. Regional differences and correlates of UA across age-groups do not support the hypothesis that physiologically lower hemoglobin concentrations can explain the high rates of anemia observed among Inuit. Without clear evidence for revising the WHO cut-off for Inuit, anemia without evidence of iron deficiency should not be dismissed. Iron deficiency and anemia remain important public health concerns for Canadian Inuit adults.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".