Towards a User Interface for Audio-Haptic Exploration of Internet Graphics by People who are Blind and Partially Sighted
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Graphical media make up a large part of the Internet content, yet are largely inaccessible to people who are blind or partially sighted. This makes many websites less appealing to these users and is a large gap in current web accessibility. This thesis has three components, all contributing to the development of a system allowing users who are blind and visually impaired to interact with images on the Internet. The first is a survey of blind individuals in Canada about their habits and needs with regards to interacting with images on the Internet, and qualitative analysis of subsequent interviews to better understand their perspectives. The second is preliminary work on overall system design based on initial communication with users, and iterative design enhancements of the user interface of the system. The third is an experiment gauging the efficacy of a system that provides spatialized audio representations of photographs. The wide diversity in user abilities and desires were challenging aspects of system design, and ultimately we found that while audio spatialization is a suitable solution for some users, it will not fulfill the needs of every user
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.003 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".