A comparative analysis of internet protocol telephony in Latin America /
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Recent technological advances (such as digitization) and economic shifts (such as privatization and liberalization) have radically changed the telecommunications landscape. Internet Telephony is one of the most important developments that has resulted from digitization. It raises several legal-regulatory issues at both domestic and international levels. This thesis analyzes the existing legal-regulatory framework for Internet Telephony in Latin America, and examines its implications and potential developments in the region. In order to provide a more solid foundation for this analysis, the first chapter provides an overview of the traditional regulatory framework, and describes the technological and economic underpinnings of Internet Telephony. The second chapter studies the regulatory frameworks for Internet Telephony that have been adopted by Canada, the United States and the European Union. These frameworks could serve as models and provide further guidance to analyze the approaches taken to regulate Internet Telephony in Latin America. Finally, the third chapter examines the three existing legal-regulatory approaches to Internet Telephony that have been adopted in Latin America and its potential implications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".