Susceptibility to tetanus and diphtheria in recently arrived adult immigrants and refugees to Montreal, Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background: Adult immigrants may have been under-immunized in their countries of origin. We estimated the seroprevalence and examined risk factors for susceptibility to diphtheria and tetanus. Methods: 1480 newly-arrived adult immigrants were recruited in Montreal, 2002-2004. We collected socio-demographic information and vaccination history, and measured serum antibodies to tetanus and diphtheria by EIA to identify susceptibility, defined as ≤0.15 IU/ml and ≤0.10 IU/ml, respectively. Results: 45% (95% CI, 42%-48%) of immigrants, mean age 31 +/- 8.6 years, lacked immunity to either tetanus or diphtheria, ranging by region of origin (23%-79%). 32% (95% CI, 30%-34%) were susceptible to tetanus and susceptibility increased with age. Susceptibility to diphtheria was less prevalent [26% (95% CI, 24%-28%)] and decreased with age. Conclusions: Many adult immigrants would benefit from diphtheria/tetanus vaccine. Susceptibility to tetanus suggests under-vaccination, while decreasing susceptibility to diphtheria with age suggests that immunity has been boosted from ongoing transmission in some countries of origin.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".