Energy poverty: understanding its impact on hospitalization among Canadian adults aged 40 and older
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objective: About 17% to 18% of Canadian households experience energy poverty meaning that they are unable to afford or access domestic energy services needed to meet their needs and maintain healthy temperatures inside their homes. Despite these statistics, little is known about the effects of energy poverty on the health of Canadians. Using a weighted sample representing 3.9 million Canadians aged 40 and over, this thesis examines the effects of energy poverty on cardiovascular, respiratory, and cardiorespiratory-related hospitalizations occurring within 10 years. More precisely, this research project examines the associations between exposure to energy poverty and having at least one hospital admission, a single admission relative to zero, and two or more admissions relative to zero. Methods: This study uses population-based linked health data from the Canadian Census Health & Environment Cohort and the Discharge Abstract Database. Energy poverty is measured through expenditure-based indicators. The associations between energy poverty and cardiovascular and respiratory-related hospitalizations are modelled through logistic and multinomial logistic regressions and are adjusted for various socioeconomic, housing, and geographical variables. Results: Being energy-poor is associated with a higher likelihood of being hospitalized at least once for cardiovascular (OR: 1.07; 95%CI: 1.05, 1.09), respiratory (OR:1.15; 95%CI: 1.12, 1.18), and cardiovascular or respiratory (OR: 1.10; 95%CI: 1.08, 1.12) diseases. Being energy-poor increases the relative risk of being admitted for cardiovascular (RRR: 1.05; 95%CI: 1.03, 1.08), respiratory (RRR:1.13; 95%CI: 1.10, 1.16) and cardiorespiratory (RRR= 1.13; 95%CI: 1.09, 1.17) diseases. Similarly, energy poverty increases the relative risk of having two or more cardiovascular (RRR: 1.13; 95%CI: 1.09, 1.16), respiratory (RRR:1.22; 95%CI: 1.16, 1.28), and cardiorespiratory-related (RRR:1.16; 95%CI: 1.12, 1.19) admissions. Conclusion: Energy poverty is an independent housing-related social determinant of cardiovascular and respiratory health among Canadian adults aged 40 and older. Future research should explore the effect of energy poverty on the respiratory health of Canadian children as well as the impact on mortality
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".