Parenting in migration: Culture, child supervision, and community support for immigrant and refugee families in Montreal, Canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
As international migration increases, migration-associated challenges to parenting arise. In the context of migration, supportive parenting can help buffer against the negative effects that migration-related stresses can bring to children, particularly in the face of the often traumatic events driving instances of forced migration. The provision of adequate child supervision is an important part of this supportive parenting and more research is required into how migration influences its practice. In Article 1, we examine child supervision practices in migration to Montreal, Canada, from the perspectives of children (n=25) and caregivers (n=19) through focus groups and look at differences in caregiving before and after migration. Results show that migrant caregivers often equip their children to caregive and that this and cultural differences in caregiving practices are often poorly understood by host country community members as well as child and youth protection professionals. They also show that children and adult caregivers at times have different views on the role of child caregiving in migration and that lack of social support in the host country influences child supervision practices. Article 2 looks at how child supervision practices evolve across the different stages of refugee migration, according to semi-structured interviews with 20 Syrian refugee mothers who resettled in Montreal and Laval, Canada, since 2015. Findings reveal the multiple protective benefits of child supervision throughout refugee migration, some of the challenges to providing adequate child supervision, the way mothers prioritized providing this supervision, and how some mothers described supervision as being associated with their maintenance of maternal authority. Mothers also shared ways in which they used supervision to promote their children’s wellbeing. In both studies, overall results suggest that both culture of origin and families’ migration trajectories and their related adversity, including war and discrimination, should be considered when assessing child supervision in migrant families or developing parental support programs. These and other implications of findings for research and practice are discussed, such as the importance of considering pre-resettlement migratory experiences in developing parental support programs and responding to cases of alleged child maltreatment with cultural sensitivity
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".