Planning law and developing needs, an artificial paradox : a study on traditional and participatory planning in the south
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study is a critical reflection about the 'scientific' approach to urban planning in the context of developing countries, and Brazil in particular. It first examines the usefulness of such an approach to the Third World reality, and tries to assess the extent to which it in fact contributes to the degradation that one sees. The study then considers what sort of structural refonns might be undertaken to change this chaotic situation, with particular emphasis on public participation in the planning process. In our view, this is an important measure to respond to one ofthe leading causes ofsocio-spatial exclusion in southern cities: that is, alienation of the public from the planning process. Two concrete examples of public participation are examined as case studies: the procedure provided under the Planning Act of Ontario, Canada, and the participatory budget planning process practised in Porto Alegre, Brazil. We conclude with some observations about trends in planning law in the face ofthe phenomenon ofglobalization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.013 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.040 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.010 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".