Planning law and developing needs, an artificial paradox : a study on traditional and participatory planning in the south
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study is a critical reflection about the 'scientific' approach to urban planning in the context of developing countries, and Brazil in particular. It first examines the usefulness of such an approach to the Third World reality, and tries to assess the extent to which it in fact contributes to the degradation that one sees. The study then considers what sort of structural refonns might be undertaken to change this chaotic situation, with particular emphasis on public participation in the planning process. In our view, this is an important measure to respond to one ofthe leading causes ofsocio-spatial exclusion in southern cities: that is, alienation of the public from the planning process. Two concrete examples of public participation are examined as case studies: the procedure provided under the Planning Act of Ontario, Canada, and the participatory budget planning process practised in Porto Alegre, Brazil. We conclude with some observations about trends in planning law in the face ofthe phenomenon ofglobalization.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".