Vitamin D status in early life and body composition: Implications to programming of a lean body phenotype
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pregnancy cohort studies suggest that exposure to insufficient vitamin D status in utero associates with greater fat mass and lower lean mass in children. In Canada, 24-35 % of infants are born with insufficient vitamin D status. The role of maternal factors, such as adiposity, or vitamin D status, and postnatal vitamin D supplementation in relation to lean body mass is unknown. The objectives of this thesis research were: 1) to test the effects of vitamin D on body composition and growth-related hormones in weanling Sprague Dawley rats fed diets with varied vitamin D content (1, 2, or 4 IU/kg) from 4 to 12 weeks of age; 2) to explore the influential factors related to maternal and neonatal vitamin D status and the interrelationships among maternal and neonatal vitamin D status and body composition; and 3) to examine whether correction of insufficient vitamin D status with either 1000 IU/d or 400 IU/d of vitamin D supplementation is associated with body composition (lean and fat mass) across infancy from 1 to 12 months in a randomized controlled trial. Maternal adiposity and low maternal-fetal vitamin D transfer were associated with neonatal adiposity; infants of mothers with elevated BMI and insufficient vitamin D status had 28% higher fat mass versus those of mothers with elevated BMI, yet vitamin D sufficient (P=0.04). This reinforces the need for early strategies to enhance intake of vitamin D supplementation with high adherence for both mothers and infants. The trial in weanling rats indicated that moderate increases in dietary vitamin D attenuated the physiological decline in IGF-1 (P<0.05) as a stimulus for lean mass accretion. The trials in human infants and rats, demonstrated that the achievement of higher vitamin D status (25(OH)D >50 nmol/L) increases whole body lean mass (4.8-14.0% difference; P<0.05) without altering weight gain or linear growth. The finding that vitamin D has a role in establishing a healthy body composition in infants, specifically a leaner body phenotype, suggests that vitamin D supplementation merits investigation as an intervention strategy for the prevention of childhood obesity in future studies. In addition, this study showed that for healthy breastfed infants vitamin D supplementation of 400 IU/d adequately compensates for insufficient vitamin D status at birth, reinforcing both Dietary Reference Intake values and public health policy recommendations in North America
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".