The legality of the parallel import of trade-marked goods : a comparative analysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis analyses the legality of parallel import of trade-marked goods from a comparative standpoint as the author will examine the legal, judicial and administrative responses to it in three jurisdictions: United States, Canada and the European Union. This issue lies at the core of the inherent tension between the promotion of free trade and the traditional territorial allocation of intellectual property rights. Parallel import refers to the unauthorized sale of genuine branded products in a given jurisdiction through market channels without the consent of the trade-mark owner in that jurisdiction. The exhaustion of rights doctrine is one of the most fundamental limitations on intellectual property rights as it provides, in general terms, that once an intellectual property right holder sells an article embodying those rights he no longer has any authority to control the future sale or movement of this article because his right have been exhausted with respect to that article. This inextricable link between parallel imports and the exhaustion of rights will thus be the focus of our analysis throughout this thesis.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".