Effective permeability estimates of intact granite rocks from the western and eastern boundaries of the Canadian Shield
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Canadian Shield is classified as a dormant igneous formation that has been proposed as a suitable location for the construction of a deep geologic repository for the disposal of heat-emitting spent nuclear fuel. The permeability characteristic of its intact granite is therefore of great importance to establish its effectiveness towards attenuating the migration of radionuclides. These can be released either from the natural breakdown of the metallic containers housing the waste or due to an accidental leak being generated by rock movements associated with the temperature rise in the repository location. This research investigates the bulk permeability of granite located from two regions of the Canadian Shield, namely, Stanstead, Quebec and Lac du Bonnet, Manitoba. The former is a light grey granite and the latter is a pink granite. In this research, a method that involves the surface permeability testing of large cuboids is used to estimate the near-surface permeability of cuboidal samples of Stanstead and Lac du Bonnet granite measuring 280 and 300 mm, respectively. The surface permeability estimates of the rocks are used to develop the spatial distribution of their permeability. These results are in turn used to obtain the geometric mean of the permeability, which is considered to be a representative bulk estimate for the cuboids. This effective permeability of the two samples are compared and the validity and applicability of the value is verified by comparing it with the result of a one-dimensional steady-state flow experiment with a 51 mm long and 50 mm diameter cylindrical sample of Lac du Bonnet granite
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".