Associations of Solid Fuel Use and Circadian Rhythm Syndrome With Physical Function and Muscle Strength in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Nationwide Cohort Study in China (Preprint)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background The relationships among circadian rhythm syndrome, physical function, and muscle strength remain unclear. Objective This study aimed to demonstrate the separate and combined deleterious effects of solid fuel use and circadian rhythm syndrome on physical function and muscle strength. Methods We used data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study cohort. The study population consisted of participants who underwent comprehensive assessments of metabolism, circadian rhythm, indoor air pollution, physical function, and muscle strength at the initial evaluation. Muscle strength was assessed using repeated grip strength measurements, and physical function was assessed using a composite score of muscle strength, physical performance, and balance. Circadian rhythm syndrome was derived from the 5 diagnostic components of metabolic syndrome combined with sleep duration and depression. Logistic regression and linear mixed models were used to assess the relationships among solid fuel use, circadian rhythm syndrome, physical function, and muscle strength. Furthermore, we analyzed the mediating role of circadian rhythm syndrome and its combined effect with solid fuel use on physical function and muscle strength. Results A total of 7934 participants were included in the study, most of whom used solid fuels. Solid fuel use was positively associated with circadian rhythm syndrome (odds ratio [OR] 1.078, 95% CI 1.031-1.125; P<.05). Circadian rhythm syndrome was found to be a significant risk factor for impairment of physical function (β=−0.475; P<.05) and muscle strength (β=−0.304; P<.05). Participants who used solid fuels and had circadian rhythm syndrome needed to pay more attention to changes in physical function (β=−0.698; P<.05) and muscle strength (β=−0.332; P<.05). A significant interaction was observed between solid fuel use and circadian rhythm syndrome on physical function (Pinteraction=.03) and muscle strength (Pinteraction=.02). Circadian rhythm syndrome partially mediated the association between solid fuel use and physical function, accounting for 2.51% of the total effect. Conclusions Circadian rhythm syndrome exacerbates the adverse effects of solid fuel use on physical function and muscle strength. Fuel cleanliness and regular work and rest habits are crucial for the health of middle-aged and older adults.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".