States Are Not the Only Sovereigns: Insights from Indigenous Studies for International Relations
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The way conventional International Relations (IR) constructs the concept of sovereignty helps to reinforce the dominance of states in the international system, which perpetuates the logic of colonialism by excluding Indigenous sovereigns from full participation. Indigenous peoples challenge the hegemony of these state-centric notions by enacting their own conceptions of sovereignty to transcend state-imposed boundaries. Drawing on examples from the Inuit and Haudenosaunee nations, I describe how Indigenous peoples express sovereignty in ways that de-center the state. I assert that when IR scholars dismiss such conceptions of sovereignty, they perpetuate colonial power dynamics and foreclose the possibility of understanding the international system in deeper and more nuanced ways. Therefore, to understand international realities and stop obstructing Indigenous aspirations, IR scholars must embrace the idea that states are not the only sovereigns in the international system.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it