Les langues de l’Afrique sub-saharienne dans la littérature viatique (XVII <sup>e</sup> - XVIII <sup>e</sup> siècles) ou l’Européen face à la linguistique africaine
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cet article est le premier volet d’une étude sur le rapport des voyageurs européens en Afrique sub-saharienne aux 17 e et 18 e siècles avec la linguistique africaine. Il observe ici les raisons qui font que la communication s’avère non seulement difficile mais parfois impossible en raison des multiples langues parlées par les Africains, mais aussi de la problématique des langues à clics que les voyageurs découvrent. L’article rend compte encore à quel point la communication devient même trompeuse et remarque que la méconnaissance des langues conduit la plupart des voyageurs à nier, comme dans d’autres domaines, toute civilisation aux Africains. Réitérés d’un récit de voyage à l’autre, les propos de ces derniers permettent de dresser un ensemble de topoï liés à la communication.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".