FEATURED PHOTO: PRELIMINARY NOTES ON THE IDENTIFICATION OF CACKLING AND CANADA GEESE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Now that the American Ornithologists Union (A.O.U.) has split the Canada Goose (Branta canadensis) into two species (Banks et al. 2004) field birders are faced with the not inconsiderable problem of telling the two apart. This identification issue is especially challenging for birders in the West, where a number of races of both species occur. Of the four subspecies that now constitute the Cackling Goose (Branta hutchinsii), the nominate Richardson’s Cackling Goose (B. h. hutchinsii) is almost unknown west of the Rocky Mountains (A.O.U. 1957), while the diminutive and very dark Cackling Goose proper (B. h. minima) is unlikely to be mistaken for any form of the Canada Goose. The Aleutian Cackling Goose (B. h. leucopareia) has features, such as a complete white ring at the base of the black neck, that make identification of most individuals straightforward.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.102 | 0.019 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".