4‐phenylbutyrate protects against angiotensin II/DOCA salt‐induced hypertension in a C57BL/6 mouse model of chronic kidney disease.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Others have shown that angiotensin II infusion combined with deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)/high salt results in hypertension characterized by both increased total peripheral resistance and plasma volume expansion. We have previously shown that 1.0% NaCl, in this model, results in renal pathology, characterized by proteinuria, intertubular protein casts, renal interstitial fibrosis, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. We hypothesized that treatment with the endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitor, 4‐phenylbutyrate (4‐PBA), would protect against this model of hypertension‐induced chronic kidney disease. C57BL/6 wild type mice were either untreated, or pre‐treated with 4‐PBA for one week, at a dose of 1 g/kg/day, delivered in the drinking water. Chronic kidney disease was then induced by subcutaneous administration of angiotensin II and DOCA for twenty‐one days, with 0.8% NaCl in the drinking water or 0.8% NaCl with 4‐PBA in the drinking water. Administration of angiotensin II and DOCA high salt resulted in a significant increase in blood pressure, as well as glomerular damage and renal hypertrophy, in the mice. Co‐treatment with 4‐PBA prevented an increase in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, measured indirectly with a tail cuff (CODA System), and reduced the renal hypertrophy associated with kidney damage. Supported by CIHR OSO‐115895.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".