A Structured Review Addressing the Use of Radiographic Measures of Alignment and the Definition of Acceptability in Patients with Distal Radius Fractures
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Standard radiographs are routinely used in clinical care to characterize the severity of a distal radius fracture and to monitor patients following a distal radius fracture. The objective of this review was to describe the range and variability of radiographic measures described in the literature in patients following a distal radius fracture. METHODS: A structured literature review was conducted using the Embase and PubMed databases. Inclusion criteria included full-text publications which employed radiographic measures to examine 100 or more participants following a distal radius fracture. A standardized data extraction form was used to identify study design, fracture classification systems, the types of and definitions of radiographic measurements, and acceptability criteria following distal radius fractures. RESULTS: From an initial 263 studies, 31 studies were included in the final data extraction process. A narrative synthesis of the articles included in this review indicated that there was a set of commonly used radiographic measurements examined in patients with a distal radius fracture which included radial inclination, volar/dorsal tilt, intra-articular step/gap, and a measure of ulnar variance/radial shortening. While 52 % of studies referenced or published a standardized measurement technique, there was substantial variability in the actual description of each radiographic measurement performed. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial variability in how radiographic measurements are defined in large clinical studies as seen in this review suggest a need for consensus on the assessment and interpretations of radiographic measures used in patients following a distal radius fracture. Guidelines for radiographic measures should be established to ensure consistency between research and treatment centers.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it