Bibliographic record
Abstract
Laurie R. Cohen. Smolensk Under the Nazis: Everyday Life in Occupied Russia. Rochester: University of Rochester Press, 2013. xiii, 364 pp. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $99.00, cloth.With Smolensk Under the Nazis: Everyday Life in Occupied Russia, Laurie R. Cohenjoins a glowing group of historians examining non-operational topics related to the Great Patriotic War. In tins volume, based on a revision of her doctoral dissertation (completed at the University of Vienna), Cohen uses the methods of micro-history, history, and Alltagsgeschichte to highlight the perspective of those who lived under Gemian rule in Smolensk from August 1941 to September 1943.Cohen aims to describe how the actions, intentions, and perspectives of'ordinary' Soviet citizens [... ] help us to better understand the incredible complexities of life under (p. 2). She seeks to the uniquely human dimensions of the German by synthesizing eyewitness accounts with archival research. Assuming that survival served as the principal motive of Smolensk's civilian population, the author argues that her study suggests] that Nazi-German promises-in the short run-constituted a sort of continuity for much of the population with the prewar Soviet regime (p. 6).Devoting her first chapter to methodology, Cohen describes her study as largely an analysis of in-depth (p. 20) she took in Smolensk in the summer of 2000. She notes that she spoke with three men and two women who were between the ages of eleven and twenty in 1941. She interviewed four of her subjects once and one of her subjects twice over a two-week period. Cohen supports these principal interviews with an unspecified number of conversations with other occupation survivors and testimony from various Cold War period interview collections, including the Harvard Project. Cohen also makes extensive use of secondary sources, memoir literature, and archival sour ces from Russia, the United States, France, and Austria, but not Germany. After presenting the strengths and weaknesses of history through a brief review of some of the existing literature, the author establishes that both and written sources contribute a different part of the overall picture. While she asserts that oral records can complement the written record (p. 20), which imparts new meaning to traumatic historical events that persist in individual and collective memory, she does not examine the prevailing literature on historical memory and trauma studies.Cohen divides the rest of her book into three thematic sections. Dedicating four chapters to the topology of occupation, Cohen describes the Wehrmacht's conquest of the city, its inhabitants' return to normalcy, and German and Soviet atrocities. The second section explores how the people of Smolensk perceived their wartime environment. …
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".