Chapter 12. Crimes Against Humanity: The State Plan Or Policy Element
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) has taken the view that at customary law, there is no requirement whatsoever of a state or organizational policy with respect to crimes against humanity. Cherif Bassiouni disagrees. Professor Bassiouni, in arguing that ?Article 7 does not bring a new development to crimes against humanity,? is himself placing the debate within the context of customary international law. Cherif Bassiouni?s perspective on the state plan or policy element in crimes against humanity is not a popular one. In its landmark ruling on crimes against humanity of June 28, 2005, the Supreme Court of Canada considered the issue of whether there was a state plan or policy element. It noted Professor Bassiouni?s position with considerable deference but also acknowledged that the ICTY Appeals Chamber was taking the law in a different direction. Keywords: Cherif Bassiouni; crimes against humanity; International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY); international law; state plan; Supreme Court of Canada
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".