“A Beastly Affair”: Visual Representations of Animality and the Politics of the Dreyfus Affair
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This article investigates the proliferation of animal imagery in the visual production of the Dreyfus Affair. The use of animal symbols and motifs, for the most part found in the anti-Dreyfusard “gutter press,” are situated within deep fin-de-siècle concerns about the nation and the body. Drawing on politically marginal, yet popular newspapers such as Edouard Drumont’s La Libre Parole Illustrée and Henri Rochefort’s L’Intransigeant, fears of national and bodily infestation, physiognomic stereotyping, and fantasies of teleological redemption are found to be rendered through the use of the animal as a device. The article also examines the scientific and literary developments in the study of the “natural,” within which the human relationship to the animal is constructed throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries — providing a discursive framework from which political caricature drew its content and form.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.021 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".