Exocytotic Release of ATP from preBötzinger Complex Astrocytes Contributes to the Hypoxic Ventilatory Response via a P2Y <sub>1</sub> Receptor, PLC, PKC‐Dependent Mechanism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The hypoxic ventilatory response (HVR) comprises an initial increase in ventilation followed by a secondary depression. We tested the hypothesis that the exocytotic release of ATP by astrocytes in the preBötC attenuates this secondary depression via a P2Y 1 receptor (R)‐mediated increase in ventilation. The preBötC of adult rats was injected with an adenovirus expressing tetanus toxin light chain (TeLC) and GFP under the control of the GFAP promoter. 7 days later rats were anesthetized and the HVR (10% O 2 , 5 min) measured via the phrenic nerve. Ventilation increased initially in the control group to 1.7±0.21 of baseline and then fell to 1.4±0.14. In the TeLC group, the HVR was significantly reduced during the initial (1.5± 0.08) and the secondary (1.2±0.05) phases. Unilateral injection of P2Y 1 R antagonist MRS2279 (500 µM) into the preBötC revealed that endogenous activation of P2Y 1 Rs significantly attenuated the secondary depression. Multiple second messenger blockers attenuated the frequency increase evoked by injection of a P2Y 1 R agonist MRS2365 (10μM) into the preBötC of rhythmic medullary slices of neonatal rats. These data suggest that during hypoxia, preBötC astrocytes release ATP, which binds to P2Y 1 Rs that act through PLC‐IP 3 ‐gated Ca 2+ release and PKC to increase ventilation. Supported by CIHR, AIHS, CFI, WCHRI, Wellcome Trust.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".