Adventitial fibroblasts in vascular structure and function: the role of oxidative stress and beyondThis review is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue on Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The vascular adventitia, defined as the area between the external elastic lamina and the outermost edge of the blood vessel, is composed primarily of fibroblasts and for years was thought to be merely a passive structural support for the blood vessel. Consequently, studies pertaining to the role of the adventitia in regulating vascular function have been far outnumbered by those regarding the vascular endothelium. However, recent work has begun to reveal the dynamic properties of the adventitia. It was therefore the aim of this review to provide an overview of the existing knowledge demonstrating the role of the adventitia in regulating vessel structure and function. The main topics covered in this review include the cellular composition of the adventitia and the role of the adventitia in vascular oxidative stress, vasomotor responses, extracellular matrix protein expression, growth factor expression, and endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression. Recent evidence suggests that the adventitia is a major producer of vascular reactive oxygen species. It displays a distinct response to injury, hypoxia, and pulmonary hypertension, mediating vascular remodelling, repair, and extracellular matrix deposition. It may also play a role in regulating vascular tone. More recently, it has been reported that adventitial fibroblasts can produce ET-1 after Ang II treatment. Additionally, emerging evidence suggests that the adventitia may be a potent source of vasoactive hormones such as growth factors and ET-1, which may regulate vascular structure and function via autocrine or paracrine signalling mechanisms. Despite these findings, many important questions regarding the role of the vascular adventitia remain unanswered, suggesting the need for further research to determine its exact function in health and disease.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".