Angiotensin II is Necessary for Skeletal Muscle Regeneration Following Cardiotoxin‐induced Injury
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a pleiotropic peptide involved in vasoactivity as well as cellular growth and proliferation. We examined whether Ang II is also a mediator of muscle regeneration by administering an ACE inhibitor (captopril) following cardiotoxin (ctx)‐induced muscle injury in C57BL/6 mice. 10 days following ctx injection, captopril treated mice demonstrated a delayed response in the myogenic program evidenced by sustained expression of Pax7 and Myf5 transcripts while myogenin mRNA, a marker of differentiating myoblasts, was significantly inhibited. This delay was also evident at the myofibre level with captopril treated mice exhibiting a significant ~3.5 fold elevation in eMHC gene expression. Importantly, newly formed fibres in the captopril treated group demonstrated an impaired hypertrophic response as fibre cross‐sectional area (CSA) from day 10 to day 21 was increased by 81% in the control group and only 27% in the captopril group. This resulted in an overall difference of 25% in CSA between groups at day 21 post injury. These effects do not appear to be due to a deficiency in protein synthesis as myonuclear domain size was unchanged between groups. Rather, there appears to be a loss of satellite cell content as the captopril treated group demonstrated a ~29% decrease in Pax7+ cells by day 21 post injury. This research was supported by NSERC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".