The Malaise Affecting the Global Uniform Effectiveness of the Montreal Convention, 1999 (MC99)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Montreal of 1999, hereinafter referred to as MC99, conceived and created to modernize and consolidate the [fragmented] Warsaw Convention liability system, which since 1929 had governed the liability of air carriers for passenger death and bodily injury, and in the carriage of baggage and cargo, came into force on November 4, 2003. The principal benefits of MC99 are in favor of the citizen passengers of these non-Party States and for the airlines of same. There are no disadvantages for these citizens or airlines by ratification, acceptance, approval or accession of MC99. Court decisions illustrate the disadvantages involved for passengers and airlines arising from the non-ratification of MC99. EU Regulation 261/2004 provides for specified fixed compensation in the event of the cancellation of a flight originating at an airport in the EU. This chapter presents remedies for the malaise threatening the universal uniformity of the MC99 liability rules. Keywords: EU Regulation 261/2004; malaise threatening; MC99 liability rules; Montreal of 1999 (MC 99); non-Party States; Warsaw liability system
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.005 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".