Toroviruses: Emerging Pathogens of Humans and Animals
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The first torovirus was isolated from a horse with diarrhea in Berne, Switzerland, in 1972 and reported in 1983. The Berne virus grows well in cell lines such as mule skin fibroblasts, but the bovine counterpart, Breda virus, and the human toroviruses have yet to be grown in cell cultures. Toroviruses have been found to infect other domestic animals in studies based either on direct characterization of the virus, as in the case of the porcine torovirus, or on the presence of antibody to the Berne and Breda viruses. Seroconversion to torovirus as measured by the hemagglutination inhibition assay was more common in immunologically normal patients than in immunocompromised patients. In this study setting, bacterial pathogens were noted in a small fraction of both the torovirus group and the rotavirius/astrovirus group. In analyzing the disease caused by torovirus in humans, it is relevant to consider the presentation of torovirus infection in other animals. As was observed with the human toroviruses, the sequences of representative amplicons from the noncoding 3' end of the genomes were very similar, but they differed from each other and from the prototype Breda virus. Finally, torovirus was found significantly more frequently among calves symptomatic for diarrhea than among asymptomatic controls. The sequence information on the genomes of the Breda and the human viruses has been critical for the design of new diagnostic tests to place the diagnosis of these viruses on a firmer basis.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it