The effect of delayed preconditioning on connexin 43 in ischemic myocardiumThis paper is one of a selection of papers in this Special Issue, entitled International Symposium on Recent Advances in Molecular, Clinical, and Social Medicine, and has undergone the Journal's usual peer-review process.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of preconditioning on the restoration and distribution of connexin 43 (Cx43) in ischemic myocardium in dogs. In this study, 40 dogs were randomly divided into 5 groups of 8 as follows: control, 0hI-R (ischemia followed by 0 h reperfusion), 6hI-R (ischemia followed by 6 h reperfusion), 24hI-R (ischemia followed by 24 h reperfusion), and 48hI-R (ischemia followed by 48 h reperfusion). Four dogs in each group were preconditioned with brief episodes of ischemia prior to the respective treatments and were referred as the PC groups, while the other 4 were not preconditioned and were referred as the nonPC groups. The myocardial ischemia was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. The expression and distribution of Cx43 within the ischemic myocardium were measured by Western blot analysis and studied using laser confocal microscopy using a double-label immunohistochemistry technique. Compared with the control group, there was a significant reduction in Cx43 content within ischemic myocardium of all test groups both with and without PC (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Within the 0hI-R, 6hI-R, and 24hI-R groups, an insignificant difference was found in the expression and distribution of Cx43 within the ischemic region between the PC and the nonPC groups. However, in the 48hI-R group, the area and intensity of Cx43 staining within the ischemic region of the PC dogs were significantly larger and more intense than those of the nonPC dogs (P < 0.01), and the ratio of Cx43 pixel density in intercalated disk areas to that in side-to-side junction areas in the PC dogs was significantly greater than that in nonPC dogs (P < 0.01). Our results suggest that preconditioning has a significant effect on the restoration and distribution of Cx43 in the ischemic myocardium in dogs after 48 h. Hence, preconditioning may be a plausible cause for the observed reductions in cardiac arrhythmias.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".