Bibliographic record
Abstract
Purpose: To identify barriers to implementing practice recommendations regarding HPV (human papillomavirus) vaccination for male adolescent patients among Family Nurse Practitioners (FNPs). Rationale/Background: HPV infection is a source of numerous cancers. More than one-quarter of the HPV-associated cancers in the United States occur in males. The quadrivalent vaccine is approved in young males and is effective in the prevention of genital warts and reducing HPV related cancers yet vaccination rates are low and expected to remain low. Barriers to vaccination exist even after the 2011 recommendation for routine use. Method: Quantitative, surveys. A 22-item instrument was administered to FNPs working in primary care settings. Participants were surveyed regarding financial, logistic, provider, and parental barriers to vaccination among adolescent males. Results: Descriptive analysis at both the item and scale level demonstrated that FNPs report financial barriers as the most significant barrier. The barriers of least concern were provider attitudes. Barriers regarding FNPs' perception of parental attitudes were seen as moderately concerning. Independent samples t-tests showed that FNPs who did not administer the HPV vaccine to male adolescent patients reported having significantly more financing barriers as compared to FNPs who did. Conclusion: Results suggested that financial issues may constrain FNPs' implementation of practice recommendations for the HPV vaccine and that FNPs who did not administer the HPV vaccination to adolescent male patients may be unable to do so due to financial reasons. Perceptions of parental attitudes are also seen as playing a role in preventing male adolescent patients from receiving the HPV vaccine. Efforts to reduce barriers to implementing recommended HPV vaccine practices should focus on lessening the expense of the vaccine for both providers and parents and increasing parental knowledge and understanding of the HPV vaccine for their sons. Definitions: HPV4 is used to reference the quadrivalent and Gardasil® vaccinations; permissive refers to the 2009 Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) support of allowing adolescent males aged 9-26 to decide, in collaboration with their health care providers, to vaccinate; recommended is the ACIP's modification from permissive to routine recommendation.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".