Dietary ecology of the Glaucous-winged Gull (Larus glaucescens) in the Pacific North-West: conventional and stable isotope techniques and implications for eco-toxicology monitoring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Effective use of seabirds in ecotoxicology monitoring programs (e.g. Canada’s Chemical Management Plan) requires detailed knowledge of their ecology. I examined the dietary ecology of Glaucous-winged Gulls (Larus glaucescens) in British Columbia, using conventional diet analysis and stable isotope analysis. Conventional analysis suggests that gulls forage in an opportunistic manner, with a variety of prey types consumed at a colony closest to urban development, but that marine sources (fish, invertebrates) were the predominant dietary component at all colonies. However, variation in chick diet between 2009 and 2010 indicates that diet can vary considerably on a short time scale. Compared with historical records, gulls currently consume less food from anthropogenic sources and more fish in the Salish Sea, whereas at Cleland Island diet has remained marine-based over time. Stable isotope analysis confirmed that gulls at all three monitored colonies fed primarily on near-shore marine prey at a high trophic level.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".