Effect of Orifice Geometry on the Development of Slightly Heated Turbulent Jets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Passive scalar (temperature) mixing with different orifice geometries is considered at low Reynolds number. The kinetic energy dissipation rate shows that the three jets achieve a self-similar state quickly compared to a nozzle jet. Scalar dissipation evolves faster to the self-preserving state than kinetic energy dissipation and the asymptotic value of the normalized kinetic and scalar dissipation on the jet centerline can be predicted. Taylor and Corrsin microscales start evolving linearly with x/D as early as x/D = 10. Normalized spectra using these length scales continue to evolve for the circular jet and collapse faster for the six-lobe jet, when Rλ reach a constant value. The scaling factor and range for the velocity and the scalar suggest that the scaling region “similar to the inertial range” reaches equilibrium before small scales reach complete equilibrium. The use of multilobe jets promotes the development toward a complete self-preserving state for the scalar field.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".