ONTARIO ICE-HOCKEY PARTICIPATION FOR MALE YOUTH BETWEEN THE AGES OF 10 AND 15 YEARS: AN EXAMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RELATIVE AGE AND DROPOUT RATES
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Sport is one avenue through which positive youth development (PYD) can occur (Jones et al., 2011). While some aspects about sport participation are positive, structural issues and registration cut-off dates may detract from positive development. The relative age effect (RAE) suggests that athletes born in the first two quartiles of a given selection year experience a selection advantage and therefore a greater opportunity for success. The purpose of the present study was to examine the relationship between relative age and dropout rates of Ontario Minor Hockey Association male ice-hockey players from ages 10 to 15 years (n=14,325). From chi-square analyses, it appears that dropout was highest amongst players born in quartiles three and four [χ2(3) = 12.85, p < .05; w = .03]. The over-representation of dropouts in the relatively younger players represents an important finding in youth ice-hockey research that has not previously been systemically examined by researchers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".