Characterization of As(GS)3 and [(GS)2AsSe]‐ transport by the human multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a human carcinogen and toxicant, despite this, the key pathways in As metabolism and excretion are not fully understood. Multidrug resistance protein 2 (MRP2/ABCC2) is expressed at the canalicular surface of hepatocytes and can transport glutathione (GSH or GS‐) conjugates, including As(GS) 3 . Studies show an increased detoxification of As when administered with the micronutrient selenium (Se). One proposed mechanism for this is through the formation of [(GS) 2 AsSe] − , which has been isolated from rabbit bile. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the ability of MRP2 to transport As(GS) 3 and [(GS) 2 AsSe] − . Transport activity was measured using membrane vesicles prepared from MRP2 transfected HEK293 cells. As(GS) 3 (0.1 μM) transport by MRP2 was maximal at 5 min (7.7 pmol mg −1 ). The apparent K m and V max of As(GS) 3 for MRP2 were 4.2 ± 0.9 μM and 134 ± 12 pmol mg −1 min −1 , respectively. Transport of [(GS) 2 AsSe] − (0.1 and 1 μM) showed an ~ 3‐fold increase over As(GS) 3 . These data support a role for MRP2 in transporting [(GS) 2 AsSe] − , potentially contributing to As detoxification. Funding was provided by the Alberta Cancer Board, AHFMR and CIHR.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".