Variation in the size and composition of ejaculates produced by male American lobsters, Homarus americanusH. Milne Edwards, 1837 (Decapoda: Nephropidae)
Why this work is in the frame
A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Variation in the quality of ejaculate produced by male American lobsters, Homarus americanusMilne Edwards, 1837, has been previously described, but never quantified. This study examined the size and composition of ejaculates produced by 111 males ranging from 60 to |$108\,{\rm{mm}}$| in carapace length (CL). Ejaculates were obtained via electrical stimulation, photographed and then processed for histology. Half of the males produced an ejaculate from each gonopore, 29% produced only one ejaculate, and the remainder (21%) produced none. Males as small as |$64\,{\rm{mm\, CL}}$| produced an ejaculate containing sperm. Ejaculate weight increased with male size, but there was a negative relationship between ejaculate weight and the percent of the ejaculate that was composed of sperm mass. Variation observed in the size and composition of ejaculates produced by similarly-sized males indicates that not all males invest equally in reproduction. Additionally, larger males may invest disproportionately more in the sperm plug (acellular component), possibly as paternal assurance.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it