Phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) at tyrosine 407 and integrin β1 regulate NKCC cotransporter in <i>Fundulus heteroclitus</i>
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a protein tyrosine kinase that functions in integrin‐mediated signaling. We found that phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of FAK at tyrosine 407 is involved in NKCC functional regulation. In seawater killifish opercular membrane, we detected that FAK pY407 coimmunoprecipitated with NKCC. TEM immunogold double labeling revealed that FAK pY407 is closely colocalized with NKCC in basolateral membrane of chloride cells in seawater killifish opercular epithelium. Integrin β1 was also basolaterally colocalized with NKCC. Immunofluorescence of FAK pY407 rapidly diminished after treatment of membranes with clonidine (α‐adrenergic receptor agonist, 3.2 μM) indicating that FAK was dephosphorylated by clonidine coincident with a rapid inhibition of Cl − secretion (measured as I sc ) by isolated opercular membranes in Ussing chambers. The following serosal addition of protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor (4‐methoxyphenacyl bromide, 700 μM) rapidly reversed clonidine inhibition. These results support the hypothesis that FAK, in an integrin signaling pathway, regulates the function of NKCC cotransporter in killifish opercular membrane involving a protein tyrosine phosphatase. (Supported by NSERC and CFI)
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".