Bibliographic record
Abstract
An experimental setup was assembled to test droplets of biodiesel as well as ultra-low sulfur diesel, and ethanol for their adherence to the diameter-squared linear relationship. The droplets’ burning rate constants and temperature histories are reported. Apparatus for determining droplet diameter, thermocouple arrangement for droplet temperature history acquisition, illustrates a series of frames from a high-speed movie capturing the entire biodiesel burning sequence, changes of droplet diameter-squared over time and temperature history for biodiesel, ultra-low sulfur diesel and, ethanol biodiesel droplet, ethanol are introduced in the paper. Results comprise three stages warm-up and combustion, combustion of the droplet with the liquid phase boiling and burn-off of vaporized fuel. For larger diameter droplets, that period could occupy significant fraction of the droplet’s lifetime. The second stage is where the droplet has reached its boiling temperature and in general, all the fuels tested adhere to the D2 relationship. The biodiesel and diesel deviated slightly as a result of their multicomponent nature.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".