Maternal folate status during lactation and its relation with betaine and homocysteine in a group of healthy Canadian and New Zealand women
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Little is known about folate requirements during lactation and its metabolic interactions with other methyl donors involved in one‐carbon metabolism. We aimed to determine how folate status was related to functioning of the one‐carbon metabolism pathway during lactation. Fasting blood samples were collected from 53 New Zealand and 156 Canadian exclusively breastfeeding women at 8‐weeks postpartum. Serum was analyzed for vitamin B12, and plasma was analyzed for folate, free choline, betaine, methionine, and total homocysteine (tHcy). Overall, Canadian women had significantly higher levels of folate, choline, betaine, methionine, and vitamin B12 (all P < 0.05) and lower tHcy ( P < 0.001) compared with New Zealand women. In a multiple regression model, folate, betaine, and vitamin B12 were negatively associated with tHcy (all P 蠄 0.001), while choline and methionine were not significantly associated with tHcy. Separate models fitted according to lower and higher folate status showed that plasma betaine and folate were only significantly associated with tHcy under conditions of lower folate status (below the 25 th percentile of 28.0 nmol/L) (both P 蠄 0.007), but not under conditions of higher folate status. Choline has been previously associated with tHcy during pregnancy, however, we did not find any relation of choline with tHcy during lactation. Similar to during pregnancy, we found that betaine was a significant predictor of tHcy only under conditions of lower folate status. Maintaining plasma folate status at or above 28 nmol/L during pregnancy may conserve betaine and maintain adequate functioning of one‐carbon metabolism.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".