Inhibition of abscission layer formation by an interaction of two seed-shattering loci, <i>sh4</i> and <i>qSH3</i>, in rice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Loss of seed shattering was one of the key phenotypic changes selected for in the domestication of many crop species. Asian cultivated rice, Oryza sativa L., was domesticated from its wild ancestor, O. rufipogon, and three seed-shattering loci, qSH1, sh4 and qSH3, have been reported to be involved in the loss of seed shattering in cultivated rice. Here, we analysed the seed-shattering behaviour of wild rice using introgression lines carrying the cultivated alleles from O. sativa Nipponbare in the genetic background of wild rice, O. rufipogon W630. We first carried out fine mapping of the qSH3 region and found that the qSH3 locus is localized in an 850-kb region on chromosome 3. We then analysed the effects of the Nipponbare alleles at sh4 and qSH3 on seed-shattering behaviour in wild rice, as a mutation at qSH1 was not commonly found in rice cultivars. Seed-shattering behaviour did not change in the two types of introgression line independently carrying the Nipponbare-homozygous alleles at sh4 or qSH3 in the genetic background of wild rice. However, the introgression lines having the Nipponbare-homozygous alleles at both sh4 and qSH3 showed a reduction in the degree of seed shattering. Histological and scanning electron microscopy analyses revealed that abscission layer formation was inhibited around the vascular bundles in these lines. Since the qSH3 region, as well as sh4, has been shown to be under artificial selection, the interaction of mutations at these two loci may have played a role in the initial loss of seed shattering during rice domestication.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".