Modeling the perception of frequency-shifted vowels
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A significant fact about speech perception is that intelligibility is preserved when the spectrum is shifted up or down along the frequency scale, across a fairly wide range. To study the relationship between fundamental frequency (F 0) and spectrum envelope shifts in vowel perception, we used a high-quality vocoder (STRAIGHT) to process a set of vowels spoken by 3 adult males in /hVd / context. Identification accuracy dropped by about 30 % when the spectrum envelope was scaled upwards by a factor of 2.0, and in a separate condition, by about 50% when F 0 was raised by 2 octaves. However, when spectrum envelope and F 0 were both increased at the same time, identification accuracy showed a marked improvement, compared to conditions where each cue was manipulated separately. The synergy between formant frequency and F 0 was predicted by a model which accounts for the intelligibility of frequency-shifted vowels in terms of learned relationships between measured values of F 0 and formant frequencies. A second model, based on auditory excitation patterns, predicted the main effects of F 0 and spectrum envelope, but did not predict the pattern of interaction. 1.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".