Cardiac effects of pulmonary influenza A viral infection
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Rationale: Clinical studies have shown a causal relationship between influenza A viral infection (IAV) and cardiovascular disease. Methods: C57BL6 mice were infected intranasally with 200 pfu of Hong Kong influenza A (H3N2) virus while control mice received intranasal saline. Body weight and temperature were recorded daily as indicators of morbidity. On day 4, echocardiograms were performed to assess cardiac dimensions and fractional shortening. Hearts were isolated and perfused in a Langendorff mode to measure contractile function (LVDP). Cytokines and protein kinases were analyzed using Bioplex arrays. Results: IAV induced significant weight loss and changes in body temperature. Echocardiograms showed a reduction in % fractional shortening in the IAV group compared to control (p<0.05). In perfused hearts, there was an increase in post‐ischemic LVDP in IAV vs. controls (p<0.05). Serum IL‐6 levels were elevated on days 2–4, serum TNF‐αlevels were elevated on day 2, phospho‐Akt (pSer 473 ) was suppressed on day 1, and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK (pThr 180 /pTyr 182 ) was increased on day 4 in IAV group relative to controls (all p<0.05). Conclusion: We postulate that improved functional recovery may be due to a preconditioning‐like effect on the heart induced by IL‐6 and TNF‐α. This research was supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, NIEHS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".